Effective brain connectivity

Indeed none of the mentioned measures are about "true" causality (or all of them are). As @Sylvain said, you can call them directed or asymmetric, or conditioned-on-the-past measures. Effective connectivity was introduced by Aertsen et al. a long time ago, then popularized in the context of dynamic causal modelling, i.e. generative models of brain activity with some form of fitting/validation.

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