Introduction

Brainstorm is a collaborative, open-source application dedicated to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography(EEG) data analysis (visualization, processing and advanced source modeling). Our objective is to share a comprehensive set of user-friendly tools with the scientific community using MEG/EEG as an experimental technique. For physicians and researchers, the main advantage of Brainstorm is its rich and intuitive graphic interface, which does not require any programming knowledge. We are also putting the emphasis on practical aspects of data analysis (e.g., with scripting for batch analysis and intuitive design of analysis pipelines) to promote reproducibility and productivity in MEG/EEG research. Finally, although Brainstorm is developed with Matlab (and Java), it does not require users to own a Matlab license: an executable, platform-independent (Windows, MacOS, Linux) version is made available in the downloadable package.

Since the project started by the end of the 1990's, our server has registered more than 6,000 software downloads and about 500 users are actively updating the sofware. See our reference page for a list of published studies that have been using Brainstorm.

Last but not least, Brainstorm is thoroughly documented in these pages and support is provided through an online forum.

We hope you enjoy using Brainstorm as much as we enjoy developing and sharing these tools with the community!

How to cite Brainstorm

Please cite the following reference in your publications if you have used our software for your data analyses: How to cite Brainstorm. It is also good offline reading to get an overview of the main features of the application.

Tadel F, Baillet S, Mosher JC, Pantazis D, Leahy RM (2011), Brainstorm: A User-Friendly Application for MEG/EEG Analysis, Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2011, Article ID 879716, 13 pages. doi:10.1155/2011/879716 [ html, pdf ]

What you can do with Brainstorm

• MEG/EEG recordings:

  • Read data from the most popular file formats (listed here); can import form multiple ASCII files as well

  • Interactive access to data files in native formats
  • Import data in Matlab
  • Import and order data in a well-organized database (by studies, subjects, conditions)
  • Review, edit, import, export event markers in continuous, ongoing recordings
  • Automatic detection of well-defined artifacts (eye blinks, heartbeats...)
  • Artifact correction using Signal Space Projections (SSP)

• Pre-processing:

  • Epoching
  • Detection of bad trials / bad channels
  • Baseline correction
  • Frequency filtering
  • Resampling
  • Multiple options for epoch averaging
  • Estimation of noise statistics for improved source modeling

• Powerful and versatile visualization:

  • Various time series displays (epoched, continuous raw, butterfly, columns, etc.)
  • Data mapping on 2D or 3D surfaces (disks, true geometry of sensor array, scalp surface, etc.)
  • Generate slides and animations (export as contact sheets, movies, jpegs, ...)
  • Channel selection and sensor clustering (save and organize your favorites, share with your collaborators, etc.)

• MRI visualization and coregistration:

  • Use individual or template anatomy (MNI / Colin27 brain)
  • Template anatomy can be warped to individual head surface

  • Import MRI volumes and tessellated surface envelopes from most of the existing file formats (list here)

  • Automatic or interactive co-registration with the MEG/EEG coordinate system
  • Volume rendering (mulitple display modes)

• Database: Keep your data organized

  • Ordering of data, source models, time-frequency maps, statistical maps, etc. by protocol, subject and condition/event
  • Quick access to all the data in a study for efficient, batch processing
  • Quick access to comparisons between subjects or conditions
  • Graphical batching tools (apply the same process to many files e.g., your entire study, in a few clicks)

• Head modeling:

  • MEG: Single sphere, overlapping spheres
  • EEG: Berg's three-layer sphere, Boundary Element Models (with OpenMEEG)
  • Interactive interface to define the best-fitting sphere

• Source modeling:

  • L2 Minimum-norm current estimates
  • dSPM
  • sLORETA
  • All models can be cortically-constrained or not, and with/without constrained orientations

• Source display and analysis:

  • Multiple options for surface and volume rendering of the source maps
  • Re-projection of the sources in the MRI volume (from surface points to voxels)
  • Definition of regions of interest (scouts)
  • Re-projection of estimated sources on a surface with higher or lower resolution, on a group template
  • Surface or volume spatial smoothing (group analysis)
  • Share your results: screen captures, make movies and contact sheets!
  • Import and display of Xfit (MEG Elekta software) dipole models

• Time-frequency decompositions:

  • Time-frequency analyses of sensor data and sources time series using Morlet wavelets
  • Define time and frequency scales of interest
  • Multiple display modes available

• Group analysis:

  • Registration of individual brains to a brain template (MNI/Colin27)
  • Statistical analysis (t-tests)

• Documentation and support:

  • Easy and automatic updates of the software

  • Detailed step-by-step tutorials for most common features

  • Active user forum

What you cannot do with Brainstorm (yet)

• MRI segmentation: Use FreeSurfer, BrainSuite or BrainVisa. ?See here.

• Advanced statistics: Use R, Statistica, SPSS, Matlab, Excel, etc.

Supported file formats

EEG:

• EGI NetStation epoch-marked file (.raw/.epoc)

• Neuroscan (.cnt, .eeg, .avg, .dat)

• BrainAmp (.eeg)

• EEGLab sets (.set)
• Cartool simple binary files (.ep, .eph)

• ErpCenter (.erp/.hdr)

• Any type of ASCII arrays

MEG:

• CTF (.ds directory)
• Neuromag FIFF (.fif)
• BTi / 4D Neuroimaging
• LENA format

Sensors locations:

• Cartool (.xyz, .els)
• BESA (.sfp, .elp, .eps/.ela)
• Polhemus Isotrak (.pos, .elp)
• Curry (.res, .rs3)
• EEGLab (.ced, .xyz, .set)
• EETrak (.elc)
• EGI (.sfp)
• EMSE (.elp)
• Neuroscan (.dat, .tri)
• ASCII arrays

MRI volumes:

• Analyze (.img/.hdr)
• Nifti-1 (.nii)
• CTF (.mri)
• BrainVISA GIS (.ima/.dim)
• Neuromag (.fif)
• MGH (.mgh, .mgz)

Meshes:

• BrainVISA (.mesh)

• BrainSuite (.dsgl, .dfs)

• FreeSurfer

• ASCII (.tri)
• Neuromag (.fif)

Noise covariance matrix:

• Neuromag / MNE (.fif)
• ASCII arrays

Dipoles:

• Elekta Neuromag XFit (.bdip)