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| Brainstorm orients most of its database organization and processing stream for handling anatomical information together with the MEG/EEG recordings. The introduction tutorials start with the import of the T1 MRI of the subject, and this anatomy seems mandatory everywhere. These choices were made because the primary focus of Brainstorm was to estimate brain sources from MEG/EEG, which ideally requires an accurate spatial modelling of the head. If you don't have access to anatomical images of your subjects or if you are not interested in source reconstruction, Brainstorm will still require that you explicitly define an anatomy; in those case you would use an anatomy template. In the case of group analysis at the source level, you would also use a template on which you would project of the individual results. Several templates are available, with a large preference for using the MNI ICBM152 package distributed with Brainstorm because it provides the highest level of compatibility between different features within Brainstorm and with other software environments. You might be interested in using another one if you are working with different age ranges, or if you need to obtain results in a specific space. This tutorial provides references to the various templates available in Brainstorm. |
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| == Possible uses == * There is always a copy of the Colin27 anatomy in every protocol you create * It can be used as a replacement for the subject's anatomy if you don't have the MRI scan * It is used for group studies: the individual source maps are first projected on a standard brain |
== Scenarios == An anatomy template is a set of anatomical files (MRI, surfaces, parcellations) representing a brain atlas. As the reference anatomy, we typically use the [[http://nist.mni.mcgill.ca/?p=904|ICBM125 2009c Nonlinear Asymmetric]], but other options are described below. An anatomy template can be used for various purposes: * Replacing the subject anatomy in the Brainstorm database when no individual scans are available for the subject, or when their quality is too low to process them with FreeSurfer or CAT. Setting the anatomy of the subject is necessary for 2D/3D topography display and source estimation. * Warping an anatomy template to match the digitized head shape of a subject. See tutorial: [[https://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/Tutorials/TutWarping|Warping the anatomy templates]] * For group analysis at the source level: an intermediate step of projection on an anatomy template is necessary. See tutorial: [[https://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/Tutorials/CoregisterSubjects|Group analysis: Subjects coregistration]] When using an anatomy template as a substitution for the subject anatomy, you have to be careful with the spatial distortions it creates. As the reference anatomy has a different shape and cortical folding from your subject, with sometimes important differences in head size, it is preferable to follow these guidelines: * If you have a head shape for the anatomy: Warp the anatomy. * Chose a template close to the age range of the subject, especially for younger populations. * '''EEG''': If you are not using default electrode positions distributed with the a Brainstorm template, align and project the electrodes on the template head (right-click on the channel file > MRI registration > Edit) * '''MEG''': Using an anatomy template with MEG recordings is less indicated than with EEG, because it is not possible to move the MEG sensors to follow the head shape. Use this option with caution, and make sure the template you use has a similar head size as your subject. If you use the ICBM152 template to estimate brain sources from MEG recordings of a 1yr-old baby, most of your source space would be outside of the actual head of the baby. == Subject configuration == Create a subject... |
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| When you create a new protocol, the program makes a copy of the Colin27 anatomy and sets it as the default for the protocol. It means that you will be able to use the Colin27 brain as a substitute for the subjects without an individual MRI, or as the common brain for group analysis. | When you create a new protocol, the program makes a copy of the ICBM152 anatomy, processed with FreeSurfer 6, and sets it as the default for the protocol. It means that you will be able to use this template brain as a substitute for the subjects without an individual MRI, or as the common brain for group analysis. |
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| Other sets of MRI+surfaces are available to replace the Colin27 anatomy. Right-click on ''(Default anatomy)'' > Use template. If a package is not currently available on your system, it will be downloaded from the Brainstorm website and saved in $HOME/.brainstorm/templates. The available options are: | Other sets of MRI+surfaces are available to replace the ICBM152/FreeSurfer anatomy. Right-click on ''(Default anatomy)'' > Use template. If a package is not currently available on your system, it will be downloaded from the Brainstorm website and saved in $HOME/.brainstorm/templates. |
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| * '''Colin27''': Average of 27 scans of the same head, processed with FreeSurfer 5.3: [[http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/ServicesAtlases/Colin27|more information]] * '''Colin27_2012''': Previous version of the default anatomy distributed with Brainstorm * '''ICBM152''': Non-linear average of 152 subjects, processed with FreeSurfer 5.3: [[http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/ServicesAtlases/ICBM152NLin2009|more information]] * '''FSAverage''': Average of 40 subjects using a spherical averaging described in [[http://nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/~fischl/reprints/morphing_human_brain_mapping_reprint.pdf|(Fischl et al. 1999)]].<<BR>>It is the default FreeSurfer brain: please [[https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/registration.html|register here]] if you are using it. * '''Infant7w''': 7-week infant brain with the antomical atlas presented in [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381191400411X|(Kabdebon et al. 2014)]]. |
. {{attachment:changeDefault.gif}} If you click on any of the download options, it downloads it into your templates folder, then the list of files in the (default anatomy) folder is replaced with the new template. . {{attachment:changeDefault2.gif||width="228",height="90"}} {{attachment:changeDefault3.gif||width="352",height="187"}} If the automatic download doesn't work, you can download the templates manually from the [[http://neuroimage.usc.edu/bst/download.php|Download]] page and copy the .zip files directly in the folder $HOME/.brainstorm/templates. == Group analysis == When performing a group analysis with multiple subjects for which you have the individual MRI scans, you need to project the sources estimated on each subject on a common template, as explained in this tutorial: [[Tutorials/CoregisterSubjects|Group analysis]]. For accurate registration between different brains (from a subject to a template or between subjects), you need to use a template that was generated using the '''same program''' as the one you used for running the segmentation of all the subjects of your studies. You can use either '''BrainSuite''' or '''FreeSurfer/''''''CAT12''' for processing the MRIs or your subjects, but you need to use a template that matches this choice in order to use the accurate registration methods. == FreeSurfer templates == Available options: * '''ICBM152''': Distributed directly with the Brainstorm package. Same as ICBM152_2020, but without the white matter envelopes and the volume atlases and SPM registration matrices, in order to minimize the size of the standard Brainstorm distribution. * '''ICBM152_2019''': ICBM 2009c Nonlinear Asymmetric, FreeSurfer 6: [[http://nist.mni.mcgill.ca/?p=904|more info]] * '''Colin27_2016''': Average of 27 scans of the same head, FreeSurfer 5.3: [[http://nist.mni.mcgill.ca/?p=947|more info]] * '''FsAverage_2020''': Average of 40 subjects using a spherical averaging [[http://nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/~fischl/reprints/morphing_human_brain_mapping_reprint.pdf|(Fischl et al. 1999)]].<<BR>>It is the default FreeSurfer brain: please [[https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/registration.html|register here]] if you are using it.<<BR>>More images: http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/Tutorials/LabelFreeSurfer#FSAverage_template * '''Oreilly infant templates''': 13 anatomical models for subjects between zero and 24 months of age ([[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.162131v1|O'Reilly et al. 2020]]) |
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| * Cortex surface: high-resolution (~300.000 vertices) and low-resolution (15.000 vertices) * Head surface: based on the head used for FSAverage in the MNE software * FreeSurfer spherical registration of each hemisphere, with which we can co-register the individual brains processed with FreeSurfer with the selected default anatomy * FreeSurfer surface-based atlases: Desikan-Killiany, Destrieux, Brodman, Mindboggle<<BR>>(plus Yeo2011 and PALS for FSAverage only) |
* Cortex/white surface: high-resolution (~300.000 vertices) and low-resolution (15.000 vertices) * Head layers: scalp, outer skull, inner skull * FreeSurfer spherical registration of each hemisphere, for subject co-registration. * FreeSurfer surface-based atlases: [[https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/CorticalParcellation|Desikan-Killiany]], [[https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/CorticalParcellation|Destrieux]], [[http://ftp.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/BrodmannAreaMaps|Brodmann]], [[http://www.mindboggle.info/data.html|Mindboggle]]<<BR>>(plus Yeo2011 and PALS for FSAverage only) * ASEG sub-cortical atlas. |
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| The atlases will be discussed in the following tutorials. For more information on the interactions between FreeSurfer and Brainstorm: [[Tutorials/LabelFreeSurfer|read this tutorial]]. | For more information on the interactions between FreeSurfer and Brainstorm: [[Tutorials/LabelFreeSurfer|read this tutorial]]. |
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| {{attachment:changeDefault.gif|changeDefault1.gif}} | == BrainSuite templates == Available options: |
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| If you click on any of the download options, it downloads it into your $HOME/.brainstorm/templates folder: | * '''Colin27_BrainSuite_2016''': Average of 27 scans, processed with BrainSuite 15b: [[http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/ServicesAtlases/Colin27|more information]] * '''ICBM152_BrainSuite_2016''': Non-linear average of 152 subjects, BrainSuite 15b: [[http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/ServicesAtlases/ICBM152NLin2009|more information]] * '''BCI-DNI_BrainSuite_2020''': Single subject atlas from USC, BrainSuite 15c: [[http://brainsuite.org/svreg_atlas_description/|more information]] * '''USCBrain''''''_BrainSuite_2020''': Anatomical and functional hybrid atlas from USC, BrainSuite 17a: [[http://brainsuite.org/uscbrain-description/|more]] |
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| {{attachment:changeDefault2.gif}} | <<BR>>__Warning__: If you are using '''BrainSuiteAtlas1''' for BrainSuite processing, then you should use '''Colin27_BrainSuite_2016 '''or '''ICBM152_BrainSuite_2016''' as the default anatomy.''' '''If you are using the '''BCI-DNI_brain_atlas''', then you should use '''BCI-DNI_BrainSuite_2016 '''as the template in BrainStorm. |
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| Then the list of files in the (default anatomy) folder is replaced with the new template. | They all include the following information: |
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| {{attachment:changeDefault3.gif}} | * T1 MRI volume * Cortex/white surfaces: high-resolution (~300.000 vertices) and low-resolution (15.000 vertices) * Head layers: scalp, outer skull, inner skull * BrainSuite square registration of each hemisphere, for subject co-registration. * BrainSuite surface-based atlas: SVReg For more information on the interactions between BrainSuite and Brainstorm: [[Tutorials/SegBrainSuite|read this tutorial]]. == BrainVISA templates == Note that the BrainVISA-based templates '''do not allow any accurate registration''' procedure. * '''Kabdebon_7w''': 7-week infant brain with the anatomical atlas from [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381191400411X|(Kabdebon et al. 2014)]]. |
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| The fiducial points (Nasion, LPA, RPA) used in your recordings might not be the same as the ones used in the anatomy templates in Brainstorm (Colin27, ICBM152, FSAverage). By default, the LPA/RPA points are defined at the junction between the tragus and the helix, as represented with the red dot in the [[http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/CoordinateSystems|Coordinates systems page]]. | The fiducial points (Nasion, LPA, RPA) used in your recordings might not be the same as the ones used in the anatomy templates in Brainstorm. By default, the LPA/RPA points are defined at the junction between the tragus and the helix, as represented with the red dot in the [[http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/CoordinateSystems|Coordinates systems page]]. |
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| If you want to use an anatomy template but you are using a different convention when digitizing the position of those points, you have to modify the default positions of the template with the MRI Viewer. | If you want to use an anatomy template but you are using a different convention when digitizing the position of these points, you have to modify the default positions of the template with the MRI Viewer. |
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== MNI parcellations == List |
Using the anatomy templates
Author: Francois Tadel
Brainstorm orients most of its database organization and processing stream for handling anatomical information together with the MEG/EEG recordings. The introduction tutorials start with the import of the T1 MRI of the subject, and this anatomy seems mandatory everywhere. These choices were made because the primary focus of Brainstorm was to estimate brain sources from MEG/EEG, which ideally requires an accurate spatial modelling of the head.
If you don't have access to anatomical images of your subjects or if you are not interested in source reconstruction, Brainstorm will still require that you explicitly define an anatomy; in those case you would use an anatomy template. In the case of group analysis at the source level, you would also use a template on which you would project of the individual results.
Several templates are available, with a large preference for using the MNI ICBM152 package distributed with Brainstorm because it provides the highest level of compatibility between different features within Brainstorm and with other software environments. You might be interested in using another one if you are working with different age ranges, or if you need to obtain results in a specific space. This tutorial provides references to the various templates available in Brainstorm.
Contents
Scenarios
An anatomy template is a set of anatomical files (MRI, surfaces, parcellations) representing a brain atlas. As the reference anatomy, we typically use the ICBM125 2009c Nonlinear Asymmetric, but other options are described below. An anatomy template can be used for various purposes:
Replacing the subject anatomy in the Brainstorm database when no individual scans are available for the subject, or when their quality is too low to process them with FreeSurfer or CAT. Setting the anatomy of the subject is necessary for 2D/3D topography display and source estimation.
Warping an anatomy template to match the digitized head shape of a subject. See tutorial: Warping the anatomy templates
For group analysis at the source level: an intermediate step of projection on an anatomy template is necessary. See tutorial: Group analysis: Subjects coregistration
When using an anatomy template as a substitution for the subject anatomy, you have to be careful with the spatial distortions it creates. As the reference anatomy has a different shape and cortical folding from your subject, with sometimes important differences in head size, it is preferable to follow these guidelines:
- If you have a head shape for the anatomy: Warp the anatomy.
- Chose a template close to the age range of the subject, especially for younger populations.
EEG: If you are not using default electrode positions distributed with the a Brainstorm template, align and project the electrodes on the template head (right-click on the channel file > MRI registration > Edit)
MEG: Using an anatomy template with MEG recordings is less indicated than with EEG, because it is not possible to move the MEG sensors to follow the head shape. Use this option with caution, and make sure the template you use has a similar head size as your subject. If you use the ICBM152 template to estimate brain sources from MEG recordings of a 1yr-old baby, most of your source space would be outside of the actual head of the baby.
Subject configuration
Create a subject...
Changing the default anatomy
When you create a new protocol, the program makes a copy of the ICBM152 anatomy, processed with FreeSurfer 6, and sets it as the default for the protocol. It means that you will be able to use this template brain as a substitute for the subjects without an individual MRI, or as the common brain for group analysis.
Other sets of MRI+surfaces are available to replace the ICBM152/FreeSurfer anatomy. Right-click on (Default anatomy) > Use template. If a package is not currently available on your system, it will be downloaded from the Brainstorm website and saved in $HOME/.brainstorm/templates.
If you click on any of the download options, it downloads it into your templates folder, then the list of files in the (default anatomy) folder is replaced with the new template.
If the automatic download doesn't work, you can download the templates manually from the Download page and copy the .zip files directly in the folder $HOME/.brainstorm/templates.
Group analysis
When performing a group analysis with multiple subjects for which you have the individual MRI scans, you need to project the sources estimated on each subject on a common template, as explained in this tutorial: Group analysis.
For accurate registration between different brains (from a subject to a template or between subjects), you need to use a template that was generated using the same program as the one you used for running the segmentation of all the subjects of your studies.
You can use either BrainSuite or FreeSurfer/CAT12 for processing the MRIs or your subjects, but you need to use a template that matches this choice in order to use the accurate registration methods.
FreeSurfer templates
Available options:
ICBM152: Distributed directly with the Brainstorm package. Same as ICBM152_2020, but without the white matter envelopes and the volume atlases and SPM registration matrices, in order to minimize the size of the standard Brainstorm distribution.
ICBM152_2019: ICBM 2009c Nonlinear Asymmetric, FreeSurfer 6: more info
Colin27_2016: Average of 27 scans of the same head, FreeSurfer 5.3: more info
FsAverage_2020: Average of 40 subjects using a spherical averaging (Fischl et al. 1999).
It is the default FreeSurfer brain: please register here if you are using it.
More images: http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/Tutorials/LabelFreeSurfer#FSAverage_templateOreilly infant templates: 13 anatomical models for subjects between zero and 24 months of age (O'Reilly et al. 2020)
They all include the following information:
- T1 MRI volume
- Cortex/white surface: high-resolution (~300.000 vertices) and low-resolution (15.000 vertices)
- Head layers: scalp, outer skull, inner skull
FreeSurfer spherical registration of each hemisphere, for subject co-registration.
FreeSurfer surface-based atlases: Desikan-Killiany, Destrieux, Brodmann, Mindboggle
(plus Yeo2011 and PALS for FSAverage only)- ASEG sub-cortical atlas.
For more information on the interactions between FreeSurfer and Brainstorm: read this tutorial.
BrainSuite templates
Available options:
Colin27_BrainSuite_2016: Average of 27 scans, processed with BrainSuite 15b: more information
ICBM152_BrainSuite_2016: Non-linear average of 152 subjects, BrainSuite 15b: more information
BCI-DNI_BrainSuite_2020: Single subject atlas from USC, BrainSuite 15c: more information
USCBrain_BrainSuite_2020: Anatomical and functional hybrid atlas from USC, BrainSuite 17a: more
Warning: If you are using BrainSuiteAtlas1 for BrainSuite processing, then you should use Colin27_BrainSuite_2016 or ICBM152_BrainSuite_2016 as the default anatomy. If you are using the BCI-DNI_brain_atlas, then you should use BCI-DNI_BrainSuite_2016 as the template in BrainStorm.
They all include the following information:
- T1 MRI volume
- Cortex/white surfaces: high-resolution (~300.000 vertices) and low-resolution (15.000 vertices)
- Head layers: scalp, outer skull, inner skull
BrainSuite square registration of each hemisphere, for subject co-registration.
BrainSuite surface-based atlas: SVReg
For more information on the interactions between BrainSuite and Brainstorm: read this tutorial.
BrainVISA templates
Note that the BrainVISA-based templates do not allow any accurate registration procedure.
Kabdebon_7w: 7-week infant brain with the anatomical atlas from (Kabdebon et al. 2014).
Modify the default MRI fiducials
The fiducial points (Nasion, LPA, RPA) used in your recordings might not be the same as the ones used in the anatomy templates in Brainstorm. By default, the LPA/RPA points are defined at the junction between the tragus and the helix, as represented with the red dot in the Coordinates systems page.
If you want to use an anatomy template but you are using a different convention when digitizing the position of these points, you have to modify the default positions of the template with the MRI Viewer.
- Go to the anatomy view
In (default anatomy), right-click on the MRI > Edit MRI
- Modify the position of the fiducial points to match your own convention
- Click on [Save], it will update the surfaces to match the new coordinate system
MNI parcellations
List